Tools

Voltage divider, series/parallel, color code, SMD code calculator

Ohm's law calculator and common circuit unit conversions

RC/LC filter cutoff frequency and quality factor calculator

Radix conversion (bin/oct/dec/hex) and ASCII encoding

CRC-8/CRC-16/CRC-32 checksum calculator

SMD resistor code conversion: 3/4-digit/EIA-96 bidirectional, tolerance and E series

E6/12/24/48/96 standard values lookup and nearest value finder

LED limiting resistor: supply/count/Vf/If → R + power + rating

Multi-mode: LDO power/thermal, 78xx, TL431 divider, LM317 regulator/current source

Half/full/bridge rectifier: Vdc, ripple, diode PIV/current

Multi-mode: inverting/non-inverting gain, differential, instrumentation, slew rate, hysteresis

TVS selection: working voltage → Vrwm, Vbr, Vc(max), clamping margin, PPK

Toroid AL method (N=√(L/AL)) and air-core Wheeler approximation

IPC-2141 microstrip/stripline Z0: width/dielectric→Z0; reverse width

IPC-2221 outer/inner: width/copper→current; reverse width

Multi-mode: NPN switch / voltage divider bias / PNP switch

Buck/Boost inductor & duty cycle: Vin/Vout/fsw/ripple → L, D

AWG wire gauge: diameter/area/resistance per km/current capacity

Junction temp: P + Rth(j-c)+Rth(c-s)+Rth(s-a) → Tj; derating check

Battery life: capacity mAh / current mA → hours (efficiency adjustable)